Government & Law | Immigration

Immigration

Immigration Centers Asian Americans - General > Cambodian Americans > Chinese Americans > Filipino Americans > Hmong Americans > Indian Americans > Japanese Americans > Korean Americans > Vietnamese Americans

Hispanic Americans - General > Cuban Americans > Dominican Republic Americans > Haitian Americans > Mexican Americans > Puerto Rican Americans The West > The American West > The Canadian West Useful Resources

Immigration Centers

• Angel Island: Guardian of the Western Gate
  This article gives a detailed overview of the history of Angel Island.
• Angel Island Immigration Foundation
  The Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation (AIISF) is the nonprofit partner of California State Parks and the National Park Service in the effort to preserve restore and interpret the historic immigration station.Their official website includes a history of the immigration station and a bibliography.
• Angel Island Links
  This directory of Angel Island websites is from the Separate Lives, Broken Dreams site that focuses on the experiences of Chinese-American immigrants.
• Grosse-Ile and the Irish Memorial National Historic Site of Canada
  This site, by Parks Canada, includes historic articles, a photo gallery of Grosse le then
   and now, online tours, and answers to frequently asked questions.
• American Family Immigration Center - Ellis Island
  Located in the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, the American Family Immigration History Center (AFIHC) allows visitors to explore the extraordinary collection of immigrant arrival records stored in the Ellis Island Archives.
• Virtual Ellis Island Tour
  This site includes a history of the island and a list of related immigration links.
• Immigration: Ellis Island
  This Thinkquest site on Immigration includes a section on Ellis Island; the section includes a historical overview, primary documents such as diaries, and historical photographs.

Asian Americans - General

Smithsonian Resources

• Asian Pacific American History and Culture
  The Smithsonian Institution complied this list of links for Asian Pacific American History and Culture.

Other Resources

• Ancestors in the Americas
  The ANCESTORS IN THE AMERICAS companion website helps to round out the stories and ideas presented in this groundbreaking series. ANCESTORS IN THE AMERICAS was the first in-depth television series to present the untold history and contemporary legacy of early Asian immigrants to the Americas, from the 1700s to the 1900s.
• Asian Americans
  The purpose of this web report is to provide a brief history of Asian-Pacific-American immigration; the impact of Asian Pacific Americans on business, education, and the political process; and contributions of Asian-Pacific-Americans to the Department of Defense. The report contains a link to a chronology of Asian-American immigration from 1600 to 1989.
• Asian Nation: The History of Asians in America
  The purpose of the Asian-American website is to serve as a concise but comprehensive information resource on the Asian American community. The website contains a detailed article on the history of Asian-American immigration and includes statistics, historical photographs, and a bibliography. The article also discusses American legislation related to immigration such as the Chinese-Exclusion Act and the 1965 Immigration Act.
• Documenting the South-east Asian Refugee Experience
  This website documents the Southeast Asian refugee experience; it focuses on the experiences of Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, and Cambodian-Americans.
• The Gold Mountain: Asian-Americans in the West
  This section of the West-Web website provides information about Asian-Americans in the West. Under Texts, the user will find examples of primary texts, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act and literary works, or secondary texts, such as critical essays or historical studies. The Links to Other Sites section contains a collection of links to sites dealing with various issues in Asian-American history, such as WWII internment or immigration history. Finally, under Images, the user will find both general collections which include some images of Asian-American history and direct links to pictures available online.
• A History Bursting With Telling: Asian Americans in Washington State
  The Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest and the University of Washington Department of History jointly developed this Curriculum Project for Washington State Schools. This project discusses how Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos came to Washington State, struggled against discrimination, labored to earn their living, and created distinctive cultures and identities. This website chronicles, in a small way, how some Asian immigrants became Asian Americans.  Because of space restrictions, this project focuses on Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans, the three largest and oldest groups in Washington. Other immigrant groups from Korea, the PacificIslands, and Southeast Asia, receive limited attention here. The documents are organized by three general themes: migration, labor, and community.
• Rural Migration News
  Rural Migration News summarizes the most important immigration and integration developments affecting residents of cities and towns in the agricultural areas of the United States. It is published quarterly on October 15, January 15, April 15, and July 15. The purpose of Rural Migration News is to provide summaries of recent developments that can be read in 60 minutes or less. Most issues also include special reports, abstracts of selected papers, and announcements of conferences and upcoming events
• U.S. Immigration Center: A Legislative History
  U.S. immigration legislation is also a key factor in determining the numbers and composition of Americas new residents. This overview highlights the history of U.S. immigration legislation and the parallel rise and fall in numbers and changing ethnic makeup.
• U.S. History Internet Resources: Asian American History
  The University of Minnesota History Department complied this diverse list of Asian-American History Resources. It provides links for Cambodian-Americans, Chinese-Americans, Filipino-Americans, Japanese-Americans, Korean-Americans, and Vietnamese-Americans. The site also allows users to organize the resources in chronological order from the 1860s to the 1990s.

Cambodian Americans

• Cambodia: Beauty and Darkness
  This site provides information on recent history of Cambodia, particularly the Khmer Rouge period, as well as information relating to Cambodian refugees and immigrants abroad. The site also contains a lengthy bibliography of relevant websites.
• Documenting the South-east Asian Refugee Experience
  This website documents the Southeast Asian refugee experience; it focuses on the experiences of Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, and Cambodian-Americans.
• Southeast Asia Archives
  The University of California Irvine created this list of web resources about the resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants in the United States plus the culture and history of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
  

Chinese Americans

• Asian Americans - Chinese Immigration
  This article provides an overview of Chinese immigration to the United States from the 1840s to the 1980s.
• Chinese in California
  The Chinese in California illustrates nineteenth and early twentieth century Chinese immigration to California from 1850 to 1925 through about 8,000 images and pages of primary source materials.  These documents describe the experiences of Chinese immigrants in California, including the nature of inter-ethnic tensions. They also document the specific contributions of Chinese immigrants to commerce and business, architecture and art, agriculture and other industries, and cultural and social life in California Chinatown in San Francisco receives special treatment as the oldest and largest community of Chinese in the United States. Also included is documentation of smaller Chinese communities throughout California, as well as material reflecting on the experiences of individuals.  The materials in this online compilation are drawn from collections at The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley.
• A History of Chinese Americans in California: 1850-1900
  This website provides users with a detailed report of the history of Chinese Americans in California from 1850-1900. This site contains information about several Chinese-American historic sites in California.
• The Promise of Gold Mountain: Tucson's Chinese Heritage
  This site traces the history of Chinese Americans in Tucson. It includes information on Chinatowns, farming and small business, and railroad buildings as well as some short biographies.
• Separate Lives, Broken Dreams
  Separate Lives, Broken Dreams explores the deep and broad impact that Chinese Exclusion had on individual lives, families, and entire communities in America and China. As fears regarding America's economy and security ebb and flow through our national consciousness, public sentiment and politicians focus once again on new and existing immigrants. One hundred twenty years after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, America continues to grapple with both its image and the stark reality of all that is encompassed by its descriptor, "the land of immigrants." This list includes a glossary and a list of web resources.

Filipino Americans

• Filipino Americans
  This article about the history of Filipino Americans is from the Commission of Asia Pacific Americans Association (CAPAA) website. It includes information about immigration, civil rights struggles, current population, noteworthy Filipino Americans and Filipino veterans of World War II.
• Filipino-Americans in History: From the Manila Men, to the Alaskeros, to Miss America
  This article summarizes Filipino-American history from the 1500s to the 1990s. The author is Joann Natalia Aquino, a freelance professional writer/ journalist, and a Legislative Liaison working on public policy development and legislative affairs for the Governors Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs for the State of Washington.
• Filipino American History Resources
  This guide serves as a starting point for research about the history and accomplishments of Filipino Americans. Some of the topics covered include Filipino-American War Brides, the history of Filipinos in Chicago, and Filipino Workers in Hawaii.
• Filipino Americans in Seattle
  This article summarizes the history of Filipino Americans in Seattle and is from HistoryLink.org, an online encyclopedia of Seattle and King County history.

Hmong Americans

• Documenting the South-east Asian Refugee Experience This website's focus is to document the Southeast Asian refugee experience focusing on the experiences of Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, and Cambodian-Americans.
• Hmong means Free
  First chapter of a book about the Hmong experience inLaos and in theU.S. It is divided into the following sections: Geography, History, and Ethnic Composition, French Colonial Rule, Japanese Occupation, First Indochina War, American Intervention in Laos, The Laotian Civil War, Second Indochina War, and Adapting to Life in the United States
• The Hmong People in the U.S
  This website discusses the Hmong people and their immigration to the U..S. and includes a bibliography
• Hmong Studies Journal
  Hmong Studies Journal is an Internet-based publication devoted to the scholarly discussion of Hmong history, Hmong culture, Hmong people, and other facets of the Hmong experience in the U.S., Asia and around the world.
• Southeast Asia Archives
  The University of California Irvine created this list of web resources about the resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants in the United States, plus the culture and history of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

Indian Americans

• Indian American History - Immigration
  The Indian American Center for Political Awareness produced this series of brief articles on the history of Indian-American immigration starting from 1790. Two of the articles contain demographics charts.
• Ithiaas: History of Indians in the U.S.
  This article is from the Ithiaas website; this website is dedicated to educating users about Indian history from 2700 BC to present. This particular article focuses on the history of Indian-American immigration and settlement from the 1790s to the 1990s.
• Pioneer Asian Indian Immigration to the Pacific Coast
  This well organized website focuses on Indian immigration to the United States and Canada in the early 1900s. The site includes a chronology and historical photographs.
• Punjabi migration to the United States: A Story of Great Tenacity
  This article provides an overview of Punjabi migration to the United States.

Japanese Americans

• Asian Americans: Japanese Immigration
  This article provides an overview of Japanese immigration into the United States from the 1800's to the 1940's.
• Five Views: Japanese Americans in California
  This chapter of the online book, Five Views, discusses the history of the Japanese Americans in California. The chapter is divided into six sections. This publication also includes historical photographs and a bibliography.
• Immigration - The Journey to America: The Japanese
  This article provides a short overview of Japanese-American immigration and settlement from the 1870's to the 1990's. It mainly focuses on the Japanese in Hawaii and contrasts their experiences with the Japanese in mainland America.
• The Japanese American Network
  This portal site has many links to information about Japanese American history, including a number of sites focusing on Japanese American Internment during WWII. It includes a chronology and links to Japanese Town (San Francisco) photographs.

Korean Americans

• Korean American Digital Archive The Korean American Digital Archive brings more than 13,000 pages of documents, over 1,900 photographs, and about 180 sound files together in one searchable collection that documents the Korean American community during the period of resistance to Japanese rule in Korea and reveal the organizational and private experience of Koreans in America between 1903 and 1965.
• Korean Historical Society
  Founded in 1985, Korean American Historical Society (KAHS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to enriching the collective memory of Korean Americans through collecting, maintaining, and transmitting the heritage and achievements of Koreans living in the United States and abroad. Their website has excellent resource page for Korean-American immigration featuring chronologies, bibliographies, and articles.
• Traditions of Change: Korean Immigration to Washington State
  This article summarizes the history of Korean immigration to WashingtonState from the 1900s to the 1990s. This article is brief but it does discuss the various reasons why Koreans immigrated to the United States.
• Korean American Elders, through the decades of the 1900s
  This article provides a short overview of Korean immigration into the United States from the 1900s to the 1990s.

Vietnamese Americans

• Asian-Nation: A Modern Day Exodus
  This article is from the Asian-Nation website and focuses on Vietnamese immigration into the United States from 1975-1992. The exodus of approximately 125,000 citizens from Viet Nam in the months after April 1975 was just the first of several waves of Vietnamese refugees who would eventually settle in the U.S. There were also significant waves of refugees in 1978, 1982, and 1992. Each of these waves were also slightly different in terms of exactly why they left, the personal characteristics of the refugees, and the reception they encountered in the U.S. from Vietnamese already here and from non-Vietnamese as well.
• Southeast Asia Archives
  The University of California Irvine created this list of web resources about the resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants in the United States plus the culture and history of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
• Montagnards: Their history and Culture Refugee Service Center
  This booklet is a basic introduction to the history, cultures, and resettlement experiences of the Montagnard people of Vietnam. It is designed primarily for service providers and others assisting Montagnard refugees in their new communities in the United States. This profile looks at the backgrounds of the Montagnard people in Vietnam. It also looks at their resettlement experiences in the United States and discuses specific areas of adjustment that have proven problematic for this population

Hispanic Americans - General

Smithsonian Resources

• A Collector's Vision of Puerto Rico
  The art and artifacts in this exhibition present a sampler of Puerto Rico's history and culture over centuries. They are part of a vast collection created by Teodoro Vidal, who began a personal quest in the 1950s to document the people, history, and culture of Puerto Rico from the 1700s to the present. Mr. Vidal donated much of this collection of more than 3,200 artifacts to the Smithsonian Institution in 1997.
• Hispanic-American - Bibliography - The Smithsonian Institution
  The Smithsonian Institution has complied this Hispanic-American bibliography: the bibliography includes books on Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, as well as more general books on the Hispanic-Americans and their experiences in the United States.
• U.S.- Mexico Border Issues - Smithsonian Institution
  This bibliography includes selected print and electronic sources related to U.S.-Mexico border issues that are availableat the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, as well as various academic and public libraries. The materials encompass a variety of disciplines including history, political science, health science, economics, society and culture, and the arts.

Other Resources

• Andanzas al Web Latino
  This site brings together notable e-resources by/about Latinos and Hispanics in the U.S., with a special emphasis on the U.S.-Mexico border region. The guide is an extensive and substantial compilation of links to Latino/Hispanic and border studies and contains links to websites, lists, and newsgroups. It is divided into seven categories:  Puertas Abiertas ( Major Latino Gateways), Puertas al Sur (Gateways to Latin America), Puertas Culturales (Cultural links), Puertas Politicas (Political links), Puertas Economics (Economic links), and listservs and newsgroups.
• The BiblioNoticias Series
  The BiblioNoticias series is an ongoing subject-oriented bibliography to which several new issues are added on a yearly basis. The series is compiled by staff members at the Benson Latin American Collection and, except where otherwise noted, all materials cited are available in this library. Individual issues in the series address specific subject areas, which are considered likely to be of interest to researchers within the field of Latin American Studies. Consequently, although the BiblioNoticias series is collection-specific (i.e., referring only to materials available at the Benson Latin American Collection), it is nonetheless a useful guide for any person wishing to find some initial bibliographic landmarks within a given subject area. Issues #65 and #95 are on Latinos in the United States.
• Handbook of Latin American Studies - Library of Congress
  The Handbook is a bibliography on Latin America consisting of works selected and annotated by scholars. Edited by the Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress, the multidisciplinary Handbook alternates annually between the social sciences and the humanities. Each year, more than 130 academics from around the world choose over 5,000 works for inclusion in the Handbook. Continuously published since 1936, the Handbook offers Latin Americanists an essential guide to available resources. Updated frequently, HLAS Online provides rapid, comprehensive access to future, current, and retrospective volumes of the Handbook.
• The Hispanic-American Baseline Essays
  Baseline Essays are a series of essays that give information about the history, culture, and contributions of a specific geo-cultural group in the areas of art, language, arts, mathematics, science, social science and music. The purpose of the essays is to provide the reader with a holistic and thematic history of the culture and contributions of a specific geo-cultural group from ancient times to the present
• History of Hispanic American Immigration
  This World Book Encyclopedia online article provides a concise and informative overview of the history of Hispanic American immigration in the United States.
• Hispanic American History WWW Resources
  Northwest Missouri State University Library created this subject guide to help students locate pertinent web resources for Hispanic American History.
• Hispanic Americans - Encarta Encylopedia
  This Encarta encyclopedia article provides an overview of Hispanic-American history. The article covers the following subjects: Mexican Americans; Puerto Ricans; Cuban Americans; Other Hispanic Americans; Hispanic American Cultural Diversity; Hispanic American Identity; and Current Debates.
• Hispanic America U.S.A.
  According to their mandate, the purpose of the Hispanic America organization is to publicize the contributions of Hispanics to the United States of America. The site has received an award for Best Veterans - Military Site for the preservation of American history, and for academic value, historic importance and service to veteran and military service persons. The site features pictures, documents, and related links.
• Hispanic Americans
  This page, available via the Ekstrom Library, University of Louisville Web site, provides links to United States government documents about Hispanic Americans in the following categories: census and population; economy, industry, business and labor; education; government and politics; and health.
• Hispanic Americans in Congress: 1822-1955
  This site, available via the Library of Congress, provides biographical and political information about Hispanics who served in Congress from 1822-1955.
• Hispanic Outlook
  The Hispanic American Outlook in Higher Education is published 26 times a year. It is the sole Hispanic journal on today's college campus that reaches a broad cultural audience of educators, administrators, students, student service and community-based organizations, plus corporations. Each edition brings forth the significance of communication in academic circles, the importance of positive learning experiences, the contributions of both Hispanic and non- Hispanic role models, and constructive observations on policies and procedures in academia.
• Hispano Music and Culture of the Northern Rio Grande
  Hispano Music and Culture of the Northern Rio Grande: The Juan B. Rael Collection is an online presentation of a multi-format ethnographic field collection documenting religious and secular music of Spanish speaking residents of rural Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado.  The recordings included in the Archive of Folk Culture collection were made in Alamosa, Manassa, and Antonito, Colorado, and in Cerro and Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico. In addition to these recordings, the collection includes manuscript materials and publications authored by Rael which provide insight into the rich musical heritage and cultural traditions of this region.
• Latin American Network Information Center (LANIC)
  This WWW site, managed by the Institute of Latin American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, is the most comprehensive server and gateway of Internet resources focused on Latin America. Since its establishment as a gopher directory in 1992, it has become a renowned website and directory for Latin American Studies resources, with over 3,500 links to websites, newsgroups, and listservs. This site has earned recognition from the Internet, publishing, and scholarly communities.  LANIC's main page is organized into geographic and subject directories, and provides access to 33 countries and 38 subjects. Also listed are ten other topics/guides with pages of links and services including inter-disciplinary subject-based resources, international services, virtual libraries, conference announcements, business and personal pages, and WWW/internet tools.
• Latino American History: A Guide to Resources & Research on the Web
  The University of Colorado Department of History created this website to help users locate resources for Latin American History. The site is well-organized and divided into the following subjects: General Sources, Archives, Political Movements, Popular Culture, Religion, Hispanic Women's History and Sources in Chronological Order.
• Spain, United States, & the American Frontier: Historias Paralelas
  The Spain, United States, & the American Frontier: Historias Paralelas project is a digital library portal which provides free Internet access to certain historical documents from the following institutions: the Library of Congress, Institucin Colombina, and the National Library of Spain. The site features maps, rare books, manuscripts, prints and photographs, and motion pictures. These selected items relate to Spanish influence and interaction with other cultures existing in the geographic areas of North America, the Caribbean, and present-day Mexico between 1492-1898. Bilingual, English/Spanish access is provided throughout the site whenever possible.

Cuban Americans

• The new Cuban-American immigration in context
  This article focuses on Cuban immigration to the United States since 1990. The paper examines trends in immigration from Cuba, compares the magnitude of recent Cuban immigration with that from other countries in the Caribbean, describes some social and demographic characteristics of the new Cuba immigrants, discusses current U.S. immigration policy towards Cuba and closes with a delineation of policy alternatives. The author is Max Castro, a senior research assistant at the Dante B.Fascell North-South Center of the University of Miami.
• The Cubans: Their History and Culture Refugee Service Center
  The purpose of this fact sheet is to give those working with the most recently arrived Cubans a brief refresher on Cuban geography and history, particularly the history of Cuba's relations with the United States. The fact sheet brings readers up-to-date on events in Cuba that have resulted in the recent flows of Cubans to Florida.

The Dominican Republic Americans

• The Dominican Diaspora Revisited: Dominicans and Dominican Americans Revisited
  This paper presents new data on the Dominican migration process and Dominicans in the United States. This paper examines why migration from the Dominican Republic increased dramatically from the 1960s to the mid 1990s and includes detailed demographic information about the Dominicans in the United States. The author is Max Castro, a senior research assistant at the Dante B. Fascell North-South Center of the University of Miami.
• Las Voces del Caribe: Recent Immigrants from the Caribbean - Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute
  This is the online version of an educational unit designed for high school students. It focuses on three groups of Hispanic immigrants/migrants: Cubans, Dominicans, and Puerto Ricans; it examines the similarities and differences between these ethnic groups in terms of their migration experiences.

Haitian Americans

• Haitian-Americans
  This informative article focuses on the history and culture of Haiti. One section of the article, entitled Reasons for Migration and Associated Economic Factors, discusses the history of Haitian immigration to the United States
• The Haitians: Their History and Culture Refugee Service Center
  This fact sheet is a basic introduction to the people, history, and culture of Haiti. It is designed primarily for service providers and others assisting refugees in their new communities in the United States. This fact sheet also briefly discusses the history of Haitian-American immigration.

Mexican Americans

• Five Views: A History of Mexican Americans in California
  This chapter of the online book, Five Views, discusses the history of the Mexican Americans in California. The chapter is divided into six sections. This publication also includes historical photographs and a bibliography.
• Los Braceros:1942-1964
  this website discusses the history of the border agricultural workers, from their origins in rural Mexico, to the agricultural fields of America. It focuses on the time period of the Bracero Treaty. In 1942, the governments of the United States and Mexico signed this treaty for the recruitment and employment of Mexican citizens in order to alleviate the shortages of manual labor in the agricultural fields and to help maintain the American railways. The treaty officially ended in 1964.This site includes statistics, historical photos, and newspaper clippings.
• Tejano Voices Project
  The Tejano Voices Project focuses on seventy-seven oral history interviews with Tejano and Tejana leaders from across the state of Texas. These interviews were conducted in 1992-1999, and emphasize the personal stories and struggles of the interviewees, many of whom are the first individuals of Mexican descent in their communities elected or appointed to government office. The interviews are unique, and reflect the history of the Tejano community as it pressed for an end to racial segregation in the state and access to political power in the post-WWII period.
• WestWeb - Tierra Nuestra: The Chicano West
  This section of West-Web provides information about Chicanos and Chicanas in the West. Under Texts, the user will find examples of primary texts, such as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, or secondary texts, such as critical essays or historical studies. Under Resources, the user will find biographies of Chicanos and Chicanas as well as other resources, such as bibliographies and teaching materials. Under Links to Other Sites, the user will find a collection of links to sites dealing with various issues in Chicano history, such as land grants and immigration history. Finally, under Images, the user will find both general collections which include some images of Chicano history and direct links to pictures available online."

Puerto Rican Americans

• Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Perspectives
  Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives portrays the early history of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico through first-person accounts, political writings, and histories drawn from the Library of Congress's General Collections. Among the topics it highlights are the land and its resources, relations with Spain, the competition among political parties, reform efforts, and recollections by veterans of the Spanish-American War. The materials in the collection were published between 1831 and 1929 and consist of 39 political pamphlets, 13 monographs, and 1 journal.

The West

The American West

• The First American West: The Ohio RiverValley, 1750-1820
  This Library of Congress site consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. The collection is drawn from the holdings of the University of Chicago Library and the Filson Historical Society of Louisville, Kentucky.
• The Multicultural American West: A Resource Site
  The focus of this website is to provide the best set of links to online documents, course syllabi, journals, resource sites, popular culture sites, and other relevant materials regarding the American West as a region. According to the site creators, " The West is an extremely rich site for exploring the rewriting of American history as the story of interactions, often tragic, sometimes creative, among a variety of peoples.
• The Oregon Trail
  This website is a comprehensive source of information about the historic Oregon Trail. It includes primary sources of information such as Trail diaries and memoirs. The site was created by Prof. Mike Trinklein and Steve Boettcher, creators of The Oregon Trail, the award-winning documentary film which aired nationally on PBS.
• Pacific Northwest Quarterly
  Pacific Northwest Quarterly is the leading scholarly journal devoted to the history and culture of the northwestern United States, Alaska, and Western Canada. Published since 1906, PNQ offers articles, edited primary-source documents, book reviews, announcements of conferences, information on archival collections, and lists of publications, dissertations, and theses, all in history and related fields of study. The journal is illustrated and partially indexed. Articles posted on this site, from back issues of the journal, suggest the variety of topics and the quality of work published in PNQ.
• Trails to Utah and the Pacific: Diaries and Letters, 1846-1869
  Trails to Utah and the Pacific: Diaries and Letters, 1846-1869 incorporates 49 diaries, in 59 volumes, of pioneers trekking westward across America to Utah, Montana, and the Pacific between 1847 and the meeting of the rails in 1869. In addition to the diaries, the collection includes 43 maps, 82 photographs and illustrations, and 7 published guides for immigrants. The source materials are drawn from the collections of Brigham Young University, members of the Utah Academic Libraries Consortium, and other archival institutions in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho.
• Westward Expansion
  This site includes information about the Lewis & Clark Expedition, the Santa Fe Trail, the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Pioneer Trail, the Pony Express Route, the Overland Trail and Key Dates of Expansion. Also a story on frontier transportation explains the important role of the transcontinental railroad and the railroad companies
• WestWeb
  WestWeb is a topically organized website about the study of the American West. Under each topic heading, the user will find collections of primary and secondary documents, biographical and bibliographical resources, and lists of hot links to other sites of interest, and images.

The Canadian West

• The Canadian Encyclopedia
  The Canadian Encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work on all subjects relating to Canada. Full text of the authoritative encyclopedia about Canada and its people is available online in English and French.
• Early Canadiana Online
  Early Canadiana Online (ECO) is a digital library providing access to over 1,279,000 pages of Canada's printed heritage. It features works published from the time of the first European settlers up to the early 20th Century.
• The Canadian West
  This National Archives of Canada website explores several aspects of European arrivals and settlement in the Canadian West, and provides a glimpse of those people who helped forge the new society and bring the West into Confederation.
• Immigration to Western Canada
  The Canadian Museum of Civilization produced this article about immigration to Western Canada from the late 1800s to the early 20^th century.
• The Peopling of Canada
  The peopling of Canada is a history of migrations. This tutorial examines one of Canada's most important migration periods. Between 1891 and 1921, millions of migrants left their homelands and journeyed to Canada. Some, Canadians and non-Canadians, left Canada to settle elsewhere. Many other Canadians moved from within Canada to different regions of the country. Because of these migrations, Canada's population grew, frontiers of settlement were extended and the ethnic composition of the population diversified.

Useful Resources

• US Embassies around the World
• Foreign Embassies in the U.S.
• United States Citizenship & Immigration Services
• DOL: Immigration Collection
• Visa Bulletin (US Dept. of State)
• USCIS Forms and Fees
• Immigration Law and Regulations
• USCIS Offices by State
• Immigration Glossary